El pensamiento historiográfico de Ibn Jaldún. Una revisión crítica de su Muqaddimah y el antecedente de la historia total
Keywords:
historiografía, historia total, historia islámica, historia medieval, Ibn JaldúnAbstract
This article examines Ibn Khaldun’s historiographical thought through his Muqaddimah, with the aim of analyzing how this work constructs a conception of history that goes beyond the mere chronicle of events and, in methodological and epistemological terms, anticipates an approach akin to what would later be called “total history.” The study is based on the
premise that Ibn Khaldun not only developed a reflection on the development of dynasties and societies, but also formulated criteria to critically assess sources, establish causal relationships, and integrate multiple dimensions of human experience into historical explanation. To this end, it combines a textual analysis of the Muqaddimah with a critical review of the specialized bibliography on Ibn Khaldun’s life and work, including both biographical studies and contemporary historiographical interpretations. Among the main findings, it is observed that Ibn Khaldun conceived history as an explanatory form of knowledge, capable of investigating the underlying causes of human processes through the articulation of political, social, economic, cultural, geographical, and institutional factors. Likewise, his criticism of historians’ credulity, his emphasis on the verification of accounts, and his attention to the structures of social cohesion reveal a methodological awareness that was exceptional for his time. In conclusion, the Muqaddimah can be understood as a fundamental precursor to a relational, interdisciplinary, and totalizing conception of history, which confirms Ibn Khaldun’s singular relevance in the history of historiography.
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