Aristocracia y estructura social medieval: un estudio histórico-conceptual desde la obra de Santo Tomás de Aquino
Keywords:
Aristocracia, Santo Tomás de Aquino, Virtud, Bien común, Parentesco, Justicia divinaAbstract
The thought of Saint Thomas Aquinas stands out for its adaptation of Aristotelian work to a Christian theological framework. Emphasizing this, the aim of this research article is to analyze the notion of aristocracy in Aquinas' work, where he considers virtue and wisdom, fundamental to aristocracy according to Aristotle, as reflections of divine grace. This paper develops a historical-conceptual analysis that delves into Aquinas' emphasis on the common good as the central goal of governance, expanding the Aristotelian idea and aligning it with his theory of natural law. Laws and institutions should be oriented towards the welfare of the entire community, as an extension of divine and universal justice. The article also addresses the distinction between aristocracy and oligarchy, identifying the former as a government in service of the common good and the latter as a corrupt form. Thus, Aquinas' vision proposes a society and government where divine justice and the common good are the ultimate goals, integrating Aristotle's teachings with Christian doctrine to create a model of just and virtuous governance. All this occurs in a late medieval context where the tension between Church and State was at its peak, and the power struggle between kings and nobility was gaining strength.
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